Vonoprazan (Vonoprazan fumarate or TAK-438) under brand name Takecab, discovered by Takeda, is a new medicine for treating acid-related diseases with a novel mechanism of action called potassium-competitive acid blockers (P-CABs) which competitively inhibits the binding of potassium ions to H+,K+-ATPase (also known as the proton pump) in the final step of gastric acid secretion in gastric parietal cells. The drug is approved in Japan for the treatment of acid-related diseases, including gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer, reflux esophagitis and Adjunct to Helicobacter pylori eradication in the case of Helicobacter pylori gastritis.

Aliskiren – the only direct renin inhibitor which is clinically used as an antihypertensive drug. Aliskiren is the first of a new class of antihypertensive agents. Aliskiren is a new renin inhibitor of a novel structural class that has recently been shown to be efficacious in hypertensive patients after once-daily oral dosing. In short-term studies, it was effective in lowering blood pressure either alone or in combination with valsartan and hydrochlorothiazide, and had a low incidence of serious adverse effects. It was approved by the Food and Drug Administration in 2007 for the use as a monotherapy or in combination with other antihypertensives. Aliskiren is marketed under the trade name Tekturna. Aliskiren effectively reduces functional plasma renin activity by binding to renin with high affinity, preventing it from converting angiotensinogen to angiotensin I. The inhibition of renin by aliskiren is associated with a reduction in circulating levels of angiotensin I and II, with a resultant increase in plasma renin concentration and inhibit activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases ERK1 (p44) and ERK2 (p42).

Desloratadine is an active, descarboethoxy metabolite of loratadine. It acts by selective inhibition of H1 histamine receptor and thus provides relief to patients with allergic rhinitis and chronic idiopathic urticaria. Desloratadine was approved by FDA and it is currently marketed under the name Clarinex (among the others).

Nicardipine is a potent calcium channel blockader with marked vasodilator action used to treat high blood pressure and angina. By deforming the channel, inhibiting ion-control gating mechanisms, and/or interfering with the release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, nicardipine inhibits the influx of extracellular calcium across the myocardial and vascular smooth muscle cell membranes The decrease in intracellular calcium inhibits the contractile processes of the myocardial smooth muscle cells, causing dilation of the coronary and systemic arteries, increased oxygen delivery to the myocardial tissue, decreased total peripheral resistance, decreased systemic blood pressure, and decreased afterload.

Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is a clear odorless liquid, inexpensively produced as a by-product of the paper industry. It is widely available in the USA as a solvent but its medical use is currently restricted by the FDA to the palliative treatment of interstitial cystitis and to certain experimental applications. In medicine, DMSO is also used as a topical analgesic, a vehicle for topical application of pharmaceuticals, as an anti-inflammatory, and an antioxidant.

Pleuromulin (pleuromulitin) is a natural antibiotic isolated from Basidiomycete Pleurotus. Pleuromulitin exhibits activity mainly against gram-positive bacteria including S. aureus, Klebasiella pneumoniae and Bacillus Subtilis. Pleuromulin is an organic compound which is not reported to be used in as a drug however its derivatives have been used in treatment of infections. The first pleuromulitin that was approved in 1979 for use in veterinary medicine was semi-synthetic derivative tiamulin. Semisynthetic pleuromutilin retapamulin (ALTABAX, GlaxoSmithKline) was the first approved for topical use in humans in 2007. Another derivative of pleuromulin, Lefamulin has been successfully tested in phase 1 clinical trial for systemic use in patients (Nabriva Therapeutics AG).

PF-03635659 is a potent, very long dissociative half-life (slow off-rate, >1440 min) muscarinic M3 antagonist. Spirometry data from healthy volunteers in phase I clinical studies illustrate that PF-03635659 provides efficacious 24 h bronchodilation from a single inhaled dose, thus confirming the suitability of PF-03635659 as a novel once-daily inhaled muscarinic M3 receptor antagonist for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Safety (tachycardia) and toleration (dry mouth) data from the multidose phase I studies indicate an adverse event profile that is at least noninferior to tiotropium bromide. PF-03635659 had been in phase II clinical trial for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.